Advice in this leaflet refers to men and women; this refers to biological sex registered at birth, therefore, advice given for women also applies to those who are of the female sex but have a different gender identity, and vice versa for men. A lower threshold for referral may be needed for those who have had gender identity surgery involving structural alteration of the urethra.
This is a companion discussion topic for the original article at https://patient.info/doctor/infectious-disease/recurrent-urinary-tract-infection