re: "no doctor would touch someone of such a young age"
That is a bit misleading, they do cataract surgery even on infants with congenital cataracts. The issue I suspect is likely really that you say "they are not severe yet" since in most places governments and insurers don't cover cataract surgery until the eye's best corrected vision impairs driving ability, e.g. in the US that is worse than 20/40 best corrected vision. Some places are becoming more flexible so they will cover sugery if the cataract is interfering with everyday activities even if best corrected vision is still 20/40, for instance if the cataracts are causing night vision problems that make night driving unsafe.
Often cataracts take several years, even a decade or more, before they impair vision enough that people decide to get surgery. However that varies quite a bit, and I think some young people may be more likely to have rapidly developing cataracts. (as I noted in a post above, my vision in one eye at age 49, which is still decades early for a problem cataract, went from best corrected 20/25 to 20/60 within 3.5 months or so).
The prior post saying "young people like you and my daughter, the cataract is not solid. ... it can cause to spread all over the place" is also off track, I don't know who would have told someone that. There is no such difference between cataracts when old or young. A cataract is a flaw in the natural lens, and all cataract surgery is doing is removing the natural lens (which includes the cataract) and replacing it with an artificial lens.
As a cataract becomes worse (at any age) it causes the lens to harden. A few decades ago they needed to wait for cataracts to become come very mature (and vision very bad) and hard before they would remove them. These days with modern surgical techniques it is actually easier to remove the lens before the cataract becomes mature and hard. If they wait until it becomes too hard (which almost never happens in a developed country because people's get the surgery before their vision gets that bad), it can stick to the capsular bag that contains the lens, and removing it is more likely to risk tearing the bag. They prefer to leave the bag intact and place the artificial lens inside the bag for the best results.
The major concern with cataract surgery for a young adult is the loss of near vision. At your age, your eye can change focus from distance to very near when muscles inside the eye change the shape of the natural lens in a process called "accommodation". As people get older, their lens isn't able to change its shape as much. Somewhere around early to mid forties people discover that if their eye is corrected to see well at distance, that their eye can't change focus to see well enough at near to read. That is why older people start needing reading glasses, or bifocals or progressive/varifocal glasses (which have different strengths depending on where you look through the lens).
The usual artificial lens used for cataract surgery is a monofocal lens, and unlike a natural lens it won't change shape to change focus. If your eyes are set to see well at distance with a monofocal lens, then I'd heard a typical expectation is that things will start to get blurry from 6 feet (~2 meters) or so and closer in without added correction. The range of distance you can see without your eye changing focus is the "depth of focus", which does vary with the person. A tiny minority of lucky people have eyes with a larger depth of focus and can even do some reading with monfocals set for distance, but people shouldn't expect that.
There are a variety of premium lenses (paid for out of pocket) that will provide a larger range of vision and can often let people see well both near and far so they don't need glasses for most tasks, but not as close in as someone in their 20s (e.g. they might still need readers for threading needles or other really close up tasks), and there are some tradeoffs (e.g. some have a small risk of halos&glare at night), no replacement lens is perfect yet. In my case I went with the Symfony lens for both eyes, which left me with 20/25 vision at my best near distance. e.g. I can read my smartphone, the fine print on eye drop bottles, etc., but I couldn't thread a needle without reading glasses. They are inventing better lenses all the time, so the longer you hold off on surgery, the better lens you can get.
They can also use what is called monovision with a monofocal lens, setting one eye to focus well at distance and the other to focus well a bit further in to provide some reading vision. With only one eye doing the work at each distance, there is some loss of stereopsis, 3D perception, but most people don't notice it or get used to it, and the amount lost depends on how close in the near eye is set.
Most people with cataracts are old enough that they already have needed to deal with reading correction. I suspect surgeons don't like dealing with younger patients since they are less likely to be happy with the results since they aren't used to having concerns about near vision. When you need to get cataract surgery, the intent is to pick lenses that you may need to live with the rest of your life. However it should be possible in the future to replace the artificial lens with a newer model. Any surgery like that caries some risk, but overall its a safe surgery and getting safer all the time. I'm hoping in a decade or two I can upgrade the lenses for newer ones that'll leave my visual range more like it was when I was 20.. and perhaps eventually one with a computer(/phone/TV) display built in :-)